"How did this mess get so big?" – Steve Levy
“The tectonic plates beneath the world financial system are shifting, and there is going to be a new financial world order that will be born of this.” – Peter Kenny, Knight Capital
SUMMARY
How fitting that we are barely a month away from the anniversary of October 19, 1987; it’s quite probably fair to label today Black Monday the Second. With the Dow Jones plummeting 4.4%, to 10,917.51, wiping out over $300 billion of market value in the United States, Monday September 15, 2008, is up there with the worst of them.
Only Bank of America came riding in on a white horse this morning with a $50 billion offer for Merrill Lynch. Even then, the market showed little signs of gratitude: Bank of America had lost 21% of its valuation by the final bell. At the grand old age of one hundred and fifty-eight years old, Lehman Brothers was laid to rest.
SAYONARA SPECULATION
Now the talk is turning back to speculation that the world’s largest economy is facing an early 1990’s Japanese-style debacle. This was a story I broke back in March this year at TheStreet.com, under the title “Fed Playbook Looks Familiar to Japan.” From the article:
The theory, which has gained popularity over the past week, originated in a trading note that has been passed around dealing floors in Hong Kong and Japan. The note, titled "Is Bernanke making the same mistake as Japan?," was issued last Wednesday by Gavin Parry, a director of Hong Kong-based Helmsman Global Trading, a Japanese and Asian trading specialist for U.S.-based hedge funds. So far, it has inspired broad appeal.
"There are two basic options in front of the Fed," goes the argument. The first is "a quick cleansing of the system," such as dramatic interest rate cuts and subsidies to bail out the financial markets. The downside, Parry argues, would have dramatic social consequences however, such as high unemployment and consumer price inflation.
"Alternatively the Fed can copy the Japanese strategy and put everything on life support and spread the pain over a longer period," writes Parry. This, some argue, is exactly the strategy that Bernanke is pursuing now, which raises the question of whether America will one day begin to look like Japan.
This weekend, Tony Tan, deputy chairman of GIC, Singapore’s $100 billion sovereign wealth fund, made similar remarks in Geneva. More here, here, and here.
SEPARATING SPECULATION FROM SPENDING
What is most surprising about the Lehman’s debacle is that there were no sovereign wealth funds around looking to pick up a slice of the American Pie on the cheap. With dwindling oil fortunes, this would have been a great long-term diversification opportunity for many a foreign investor. It’s difficult not to speculate that perhaps some of those sovereign wealth funds being touted as harbingers of the world’s capital are a little poorer than previously thought. There is, however, another possibility no one is stepping in to buy Lehman’s: investors are confusing market value with fundamental economic value right now (it’s a surprisingly common mistake, even -- or maybe especially -- among those with Harvard PhD’s).
The distinction between market value and economic value in an economy is key to successful investing. In fact, it’s precisely why investors such as Warren Buffet have made so much money. Singapore's Tan is too, quite possibly confusing the two concepts.
In a nutshell, the key difference between the two value concepts is that market value is the price speculators are willing to pay for something (such as a stock), whereas economic value is the price consumers are willing to pay for something (such as a Coke). When there is damage in the latter camp, the effects are long-lasting, and felt in every household. On the other hand, damage to market value is much more instantaneous and headline-grabbing, but tends to pass much faster too. What we are witnessing today is damage to market value, not economic value in the U.S.
Many readers express surprised at how bullish I remain on the economy overall. But critics miss the point -- even IF the U.S. is headed toward a Japanese style financial tsunami, for most investors days like today (and you can be sure, tomorrow and the next day, too) offer wonderful buying opportunities. All of a sudden, Bank of America wields enormous power in the world of the U.S. consumer, shadowing rival JP Morgan Chase. For sure, there’s a ton of work to be done in synergizing such a gigantic corporate monolith (not to mention lots of IF’s over whether such synergies will work at the operating level), but, assuming the deal passes, BoA all of a sudden has a disproportionate slice of U.S. economic growth, and hence, global growth.
Even companies unrelated to Wall Street’s risk-management massacre are suffering. For example, Google, China Mobile, and Coca-Cola are all sitting at or near 52-week lows. Granted, there are stock-specific reasons, such as China’s telecom shake-up, and Coke’s battle vs. the rising dollar. Still, none of these companies manufacture or provide products that consumers stop purchasing or using in times of recessive activity, if such activity exists at all.
Sensible investors will differentiate today’s one-off market wipe-out with actual economic performance. With such a dramatic fall in equity prices, and heady inflation figures, it’s sheer foolishness to be sitting in cash right now.
*UPDATE*: Here's some characteristically straight-talking commentary on the Lehman Bros fiasco from Eddy Elfenbein over at Crossing Wall Street:
I’m going to go on the idea that the reason there wasn’t a deal for
Lehman is that no one wanted one. If someone wanted, it would have
happened. Novel thinking I know. But it tells us that the Street is
hardly concerned about counterparty risk. JPM was concerned about with
Bear because it was mostly their risk.
I heard Hank Paulson talk about bringing stability to the markets.
Yeah, right. That’s basically like the flea giving orders to the dog.
The Fed and the Treasury do not have this thing contained. If the
housing market recovers, then the problem goes away. It’s as simple as
that.
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